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The periodontium is composed of all the tissues that cradle a tooth. These include the gum and the root of the tooth and its surrounding tissue, including the bony socket in which the tooth rests.
Periodontal disease refers to any disease of the periodontium, including inflammation (periodontitis). The disease destroys the structures that anchor the teeth in their normal position and is the most common disease of the mouth in dogs and cats. It may be found in 90% to 95% of animals over 2 years of age.
The gum line forms the first line of defense against periodontal disease, denatl plaque is a soft film containing salivary ingredients, bacteria, serum from inflammed gums, blood and discarded body cells. If allowed to remain on the tooth long enough, even 1 to 2 days, it mineralizes into calculus or tartar, a more damaging, crust-like shell that encases the tooth.
If accumulation of plaque and calculus is allowed to go unchecked, bacteria penetrate the protective barrier of the normal gum line, deep pockets begin to form around the neck of the tooth, the gums become more inflamed and bleed easily, and the bone around the tooth structure is permanently damaged. The tooth loosens and may eventually become lost.
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